Sausare- Signifier + signified= Sign
This theory is similar to connotation and denotation.
Meaning that there can be two levels of meaning in an object within a media text
Signifier- what is in front of us
Signified- which is an idea we associate with the signifier the concept it represents
EG if in a film two people are talking about a bank- they could mean either money or a grassy hill
Music video-
Bracelet- shows meaning of relationship with eachother, love, friendship ever lasting.
New White bracelet- Shows the freshness in their relationship, new beggining, out with the old, start fresh
Coffee- signifies how relaxed they are together, happy, no problems as they are laughing around
Smoke granade- Shows myst in relationship how everything is not what is seems, smoke goes across half of singers face- highlights two sides to his personality which is true since he is meeting two girls. Also shoes the edgy genre with the rural settting
Barthes- Denotation and connotation
This theory we are all familiar with and looks at how the audience will interpret meaning from a certain media text.
Denotation- is an object that is placed within a media text EG poppy
Connotation- It is then up to the audience to draw up their own interpretation of the poppy; war or just a flower?
Hall- Giving meaning to what is depicted
Emphasises the importance of visual representation the image seems to be the prevalent sign of late modern culture.
Representation- To present/ to depict
The word suggests something was there already and has been represented by the media
Representation is something that stands in for something else
Representation is the way in which are depicted that stand in for something.
Music Magazine- My magazine is pop genre this is represented by the purple bold font and also they way my artist is posed on the front cover; wearing make up jewrly and styled hair. This is things that reflect this genre when i have been doing my research this is continuous throughout the magazine which again reflects the genre with my purple theme. This colour is represented with girls and very feminim amongst girls.
Music video- The music video represents men how they normaly are in music videos; e.g unfaithful this is common in music videos and in life in general, they are always represented that they cannot stay with just be with one girl and live happily ever after something always has to go wrong with their doing.
Girl is represented as innocent which is normally the case as she thinks everything is perfect in the relationship when really it is not due to the boyfriend being unfaithful.
All the band members represent the genre well by wearing the style of clothes they do, polo shirts jeans and messy hair along with the instruments; microphone, guitar and drums which is associated with the genre which is trying to be portrayed.
Mulvey- Male Gaze
Mulvey is a feminist film scholar
Argued that female characters were represented as passive objects of male sexual desire
Mulvey argues spectators watch films through the eyes of the male characters
Scopophilia- pleasure in looking
Cinema offers voyeuristic pleasures- visual pleasures
Men look, women are looked at
Object/subject
3 ways of looking associated with cinema
The look of the camera that records the film
The look of the audience that views the film
The look of the characters in the film
Criticisms
Assumes everyone views films in this way
Neglects male providing visual pleasure?
Kathleen row suggests that object of gaze is a position of power
My music video does not follow this theory the women involved are not seen as objects they are seen as someone valued. However when the girl slaps the boy for meeting other girls this shows the position of power the girl has over the relationship.
My magazine reflects this theory but not for the reason mulvey states, i have a girl on the front of my cover but she is looking upset with a story to tell it is not an image that would be appealing to men to look at which is what Mulvey states. However my image on my double page spread may reflect what she is saying as the picture is posed and less meaningful.
Doane- Masquerade
Dyer- Stereotypes
Draws on Mulveys work to argue that when look at girls it is to show empowerment
When men are in the camera they will attempt to resist the gaze of the camera- they may look away, close their eyes, wear sunglasses, look aggressive. Hey may be doing something. I.e- being active not just posing
Use stereotypes of cultural shorthand
Are a way of reinforcing differences between people and representing these differences as natural
Stereotypes of men and women highlight the differences
Baudrillard- Simulacrum
Post Modern theorist
He argues that our society has become so reliant on representations that we now do not know what is real
Real- Artificial
Reality is determined by representation
Simulacrum- A copy that now has more reality than the object it is a copy of
Hyperreal- Simulations of realities that do not exist
EG Loreal amazing hair and flawless skin.. Is this real? Airbrushed? Not real. What people rely on seeing. People believe dream over reality.
My video- relationship all seems fine but there is problems going on.
First order simulation | Signification (signs which imitate real things) | Reality is constructed through representation (e.g. maps, paintings) |
Second order simulation | Reproduction (signs refer to signs which imitate real things) | Representations of reality are reproduced by mechanical technologies (e.g. Film) |
Third order simulation | Simulation (signs no longer represent real things but serve to mask this absence of reality) | No connect exists between reality and representation- instead we have hyperreality ( Disneyland) |
