Theorists

Sausare- Signifier + signified= Sign

This theory is similar to connotation and denotation.

Meaning that there can be two levels of meaning in an object within a media text

Signifier- what is in front of us

Signified- which is an idea we associate with the signifier the concept it represents

EG if in a film two people are talking about a bank- they could mean either money or a grassy hill

Music video-
Bracelet- shows meaning of relationship with eachother, love, friendship ever lasting.
New White bracelet- Shows the freshness in their relationship, new beggining, out with the old, start fresh
Coffee- signifies how relaxed they are together, happy, no problems as they are laughing around
Smoke granade- Shows myst in relationship how everything is not what is seems, smoke goes across half of singers face- highlights two sides to his personality which is true since he is meeting two girls. Also shoes the edgy genre with the rural settting

 

Barthes- Denotation and connotation

This theory we are all familiar with and looks at how the audience will interpret meaning from a certain media text.

Denotation- is an object that is placed within a media text EG poppy

Connotation- It is then up to the audience to draw up their own interpretation of the poppy; war or just a flower?

Hall- Giving meaning to what is depicted

Emphasises the importance of visual representation the image seems to be the prevalent sign of late modern culture.

Representation- To present/ to depict

The word suggests something was there already and has been represented by the media

Representation is something that stands in for something else

Representation is the way in which are depicted that stand in for something.

Music Magazine- My magazine is pop genre this is represented by the purple bold font and also they way my artist is posed on the front cover; wearing make up jewrly and styled hair. This is things that reflect this genre when i have been doing my research this is continuous throughout the magazine which again reflects the genre with my purple theme. This colour is represented with girls and very feminim amongst girls.

  

Music video- The music video represents men how they normaly are in music videos; e.g unfaithful this is common in music videos and in life in general, they are always represented that they cannot stay with just be with one girl and live happily ever after something always has to go wrong with their doing.
Girl is represented as innocent which is normally the case as she thinks everything is perfect in the relationship when really it is not due to the boyfriend being unfaithful.
All the band members represent the genre well by wearing the style of clothes they do, polo shirts jeans and messy hair along with the instruments; microphone, guitar and drums which is associated with the genre which is trying to be portrayed.

Mulvey- Male Gaze

Mulvey is a feminist film scholar

Argued that female characters were represented as passive objects of male sexual desire

Mulvey argues spectators watch films through the eyes of the male characters

Scopophilia- pleasure in looking

Cinema offers voyeuristic pleasures- visual pleasures

Men look, women are looked at

Object/subject

3 ways of looking associated with cinema

The look of the camera that records the film

The look of the audience that views the film

The look of the characters in the film

Criticisms

Assumes everyone views films in this way

Neglects male providing visual pleasure?

Kathleen row suggests that object of gaze is a position of power

My music video does not follow this theory the women involved are not seen as objects they are seen as someone valued. However when the girl slaps the boy for meeting other girls this shows the position of power the girl has over the relationship.

My magazine reflects this theory but not for the reason mulvey states, i have a girl on the front of my cover but she is looking upset with a story to tell it is not an image that would be appealing to men to look at which is what Mulvey states. However my image on my double page spread may reflect what she is saying as the picture is posed and less meaningful.

Doane- Masquerade

Dyer- Stereotypes

Draws on Mulveys work to argue that when look at girls it is to show empowerment

When men are in the camera they will attempt to resist the gaze of the camera- they may look away, close their eyes, wear sunglasses, look aggressive. Hey may be doing something. I.e- being active not just posing

Use stereotypes of cultural shorthand

Are a way of reinforcing differences between people and representing these differences as natural

Stereotypes of men and women highlight the differences

Baudrillard- Simulacrum

Post Modern theorist

He argues that our society has become so reliant on representations that we now do not know what is real

Real- Artificial

Reality is determined by representation

Simulacrum- A copy that now has more reality than the object it is a copy of

Hyperreal- Simulations of realities that do not exist

EG Loreal amazing hair and flawless skin.. Is this real? Airbrushed? Not real. What people rely on seeing. People believe dream over reality.

My video- relationship all seems fine but there is problems going on.

First order simulation	Signification (signs which imitate real things)	Reality is constructed through representation (e.g. maps, paintings)
Second order simulation	Reproduction (signs refer to signs which imitate real things)	Representations of reality are reproduced by mechanical technologies (e.g. Film)
Third order simulation	Simulation (signs no longer represent real things but serve to mask this absence of reality)	No connect exists between reality and representation- instead we have hyperreality (Disneyland)